The Espei Pencilfish, scientifically known as Nannostomus espei, is a slender, peaceful freshwater fish native to slow-moving streams and flooded forests in the Amazon basin of South America, particularly within Guyana and neighboring regions. Its graceful swimming behavior, attractive coloration, and peaceful nature make it an appealing species for community aquariums.

Physically, Nannostomus espei has a streamlined, elongated body typically reaching an adult length of about 1.5 inches (4 centimeters). Its coloration consists of a silvery-beige body marked with distinct horizontal stripes—usually dark brown or black—running from the snout to the tail. A prominent red stripe often adorns the lower portion of the body, providing attractive contrast. The fins can exhibit subtle coloration, particularly in mature males.

In the aquarium, Espei Pencilfish thrive in groups of at least six individuals, as they exhibit natural schooling behavior and feel more secure in numbers. A tank of at least 10 to 15 gallons is recommended for a small school, allowing adequate swimming space and room for live plants, driftwood, and gentle water flow to replicate their natural habitat.

Water parameters suitable for Nannostomus espei include temperatures ranging from 72 to 80°F (22 to 27°C), a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0, and soft, well-filtered water. Stable water quality and regular water changes are important to ensure their health and vibrant coloration.

Feeding Espei Pencilfish is straightforward, as they readily accept high-quality flakes, micro-pellets, frozen foods such as daphnia, brine shrimp, bloodworms, and occasional small live foods. A diverse diet helps enhance their coloration and maintain optimal health.

Nannostomus espei is peaceful and ideal for planted community tanks. Suitable tank mates include other peaceful, small species such as dwarf tetras, rasboras, small Corydoras catfish, dwarf shrimp, and peaceful dwarf cichlids. Avoid housing them with larger, aggressive fish or those prone to fin-nipping.

Breeding Espei Pencilfish is possible, though somewhat challenging. They are egg scatterers and provide no parental care. A separate breeding tank with fine-leaved plants or spawning mops should be set up to protect the eggs. Conditioning adults with live or frozen foods often stimulates spawning. After spawning, remove the parents to prevent them from consuming the eggs. Eggs typically hatch within two to three days, and the tiny fry should initially be fed infusoria or commercially available fry foods, gradually transitioning to newly hatched brine shrimp as they grow.

Overall, Nannostomus espei (Espei Pencilfish) is a charming, peaceful, and attractive fish suitable for aquarists interested in smaller, colorful schooling species. Its gentle disposition, ease of care, and attractive appearance make it a rewarding addition to peaceful community or planted aquariums.