Ornate Ctenopoma

The Ornate Ctenopoma, scientifically known as Microctenopoma ansorgii, is a beautifully patterned freshwater fish native to the slow-moving rivers, streams, and swamps of Central and West Africa, particularly in the Congo River Basin. Renowned for its intricate markings and labyrinth organ that allows it to breathe atmospheric air, this species is a fascinating and striking addition to aquariums with appropriate setups.

Physically, the Ornate Ctenopoma is characterized by its oval-shaped body adorned with a complex maze-like pattern of dark brown and golden-orange stripes and spots, giving it a stunning and camouflaged appearance. Its large, rounded fins often carry the same intricate markings, enhancing its visual appeal. This species reaches an adult size of about 3 inches (7 to 8 centimeters), making it manageable for medium-sized aquariums.

In the aquarium, Ornate Ctenopomas thrive in heavily planted tanks with plenty of hiding spots created using driftwood, caves, and dense vegetation. Floating plants are highly recommended, as they help diffuse lighting and mimic the fish’s natural habitat. A tank of at least 20 gallons is suitable for a single Ornate Ctenopoma, but a larger tank is needed if keeping multiple individuals or other tank mates. They are primarily nocturnal and prefer subdued lighting.

Water parameters for Ornate Ctenopomas should mimic their native environment. They prefer soft to moderately hard water with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 and temperatures between 75 to 82°F (24 to 28°C). Maintaining clean, well-filtered water is essential, as they are sensitive to poor water quality. Regular water changes are crucial to ensure optimal health.

Feeding Ornate Ctenopomas is straightforward, as they are carnivorous and thrive on a diet of live or frozen foods. They readily accept bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia, and small insects. While they may eventually adapt to high-quality pellets or flakes, providing a diet rich in live or frozen foods is essential to maintain their health and vibrant appearance.

Ornate Ctenopomas are relatively peaceful but can be territorial, especially towards smaller or similarly shaped fish. They coexist well with other peaceful tank mates that are large enough not to be considered prey. Suitable companions include tetras, rasboras, larger Corydoras, and other calm fish that share similar water parameters. Avoid keeping them with overly aggressive or fin-nipping species.

Breeding Ornate Ctenopomas in captivity is rare but possible with the right conditions. They are bubble nest builders, and males construct nests at the water’s surface to entice females to spawn. After spawning, the male guards the eggs and fry, but separating the fry into a rearing tank improves survival rates. Fry can be fed infusoria or powdered fry food, transitioning to baby brine shrimp as they grow.

Overall, the Ornate Ctenopoma (Microctenopoma ansorgii) is a unique and captivating species that brings intrigue and elegance to aquariums. Its manageable size, fascinating behavior, and stunning patterns make it a rewarding choice for experienced aquarists seeking an exotic centerpiece for a well-maintained setup.