Water lettuce

Water Lettuce, scientifically known as Pistia stratiotes, is a fast-growing floating aquatic plant found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is popular in the aquarium and pond hobby for its rosettes of pale green, velvety leaves and its ability to provide shade, reduce algae, and offer shelter for fish and fry.

Adult Water Lettuce plants form rosettes of broad, ribbed, light green leaves that float on the surface of the water. The leaves are covered in fine hairs, giving them a soft, velvety texture, and can reach 2 to 8 inches (5 to 20 cm) across, depending on conditions. Long, feathery roots hang down into the water column, absorbing excess nutrients and providing excellent cover for small fish and shrimp.

Water Lettuce thrives in tanks or ponds with gentle water movement and bright, indirect lighting. Too much surface agitation can damage the delicate roots and leaves, so avoid placing it directly under filter outputs or strong water jets. It is best grown in open-top tanks or outdoor ponds, as it can be sensitive to condensation and humidity under glass lids.

Water parameters for Water Lettuce should include a temperature range of 70 to 86°F (21 to 30°C), a pH between 6.5 and 7.5, and soft to moderately hard water. It grows rapidly in nutrient-rich water and may need occasional thinning to prevent excessive surface coverage, which can block light from reaching submerged plants.

Feeding is not required, as Water Lettuce absorbs nutrients directly from the water. However, it benefits from regular partial water changes and the addition of liquid fertilizers if nutrient deficiencies appear.

Water Lettuce is compatible with most freshwater fish and invertebrates. Its long roots provide spawning sites for egg-scattering fish and excellent refuge for fry. Be cautious with plant-eating species, such as goldfish or certain cichlids, which may damage or consume the leaves and roots.

Propagation is easy, as new plants form on runners (stolons) extending from the main rosette. Simply separate and replant the daughter plants as needed.

Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce) is an attractive and functional floating plant, ideal for natural aquascapes, ponds, and breeding setups, offering shade, nutrient export, and habitat complexity.