Clown Pleco

The Clown Pleco, scientifically known as Panaqolus maccus, is a small, wood-eating catfish native to the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela. It inhabits driftwood-laden, slow-moving tributaries and is well known in the aquarium trade for its compact size, distinctive striping, and suitability for smaller planted tanks.

Adult Clown Plecos typically reach about 3.5 to 4 inches (9 to 10 cm) in length. They have a stocky, armored body with bold, alternating bands of dark brown and orange or tan, which can vary in intensity depending on age, stress, or lighting. Each specimen has a unique pattern, and coloration often darkens with maturity.

A tank of at least 20 gallons is suitable for a single Clown Pleco. The aquarium should include a sand or fine gravel substrate and plenty of driftwood, which they require for both grazing and shelter. Include caves or tight crevices made of wood, rock, or ceramic to support their natural hiding instincts. Moderate lighting and live plants can help simulate their native shaded habitat.

Water parameters for Panaqolus maccus should include a temperature range of 73 to 82°F (23 to 28°C), a pH between 6.5 and 7.5, and soft to moderately hard water. They are adaptable but thrive in stable, clean water with low nitrate levels and adequate oxygenation.

Feeding the Clown Pleco centers around its need for fiber. They are xylophagous (wood-eating), so ample driftwood is essential. Supplement their diet with algae wafers, spirulina-based pellets, and blanched vegetables like zucchini, cucumber, and sweet potato. Occasional protein treats such as bloodworms or shrimp can be offered but should not dominate their diet.

Clown Plecos are peaceful and reclusive, making them ideal tankmates for community aquariums with small, non-aggressive fish like tetras, rasboras, and dwarf cichlids. Avoid mixing them with large or territorial bottom-dwellers that may compete for space or food.

Breeding Panaqolus maccus in captivity is possible but requires patience. They are cave spawners, and breeding is most successful when a mature pair is provided with multiple tight-fitting caves and a stable environment. The male guards the eggs and fry, which can be fed powdered algae-based foods once free-swimming.

Panaqolus maccus (Clown Pleco) is a compact, attractive Loricariid species that adds unique visual interest and functional algae and wood-grazing behavior to peaceful aquariums, especially those with a South American theme.