Convict Cichlid

The Convict Cichlid, scientifically known as Amatitlania nigrofasciata, is a hardy and well-known Central American cichlid found in rivers and streams from Guatemala to Costa Rica. It is one of the most popular cichlids in the aquarium hobby due to its adaptability, striking pattern, and fascinating parental behavior.

Adult Convict Cichlids typically reach about 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) in length, with males growing slightly larger and developing elongated dorsal and anal fins. Their body is pale gray to silvery with bold black vertical bars, giving them the “convict” name. Males may display blue or green iridescence along the flanks and longer fin extensions, while females are smaller and often show bright orange or red coloration on the belly, especially when breeding.

A tank of at least 40 gallons is recommended for a pair, though larger tanks are required if keeping them with other fish. Provide a sandy or fine gravel substrate with plenty of rocks, caves, and driftwood to create territories and potential spawning sites. They thrive with moderate water flow and well-oxygenated water.

Water parameters should include a temperature of 75 to 82°F (24 to 28°C), a pH between 7.0 and 8.0, and moderate to hard water. Convict Cichlids are highly adaptable and tolerate a wide range of conditions, making them suitable for both beginner and advanced aquarists.

Feeding Amatitlania nigrofasciata is easy, as they are omnivorous and will accept a wide variety of foods. Offer high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes, along with live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, or chopped earthworms. Supplement with vegetable matter such as spirulina flakes or blanched greens to maintain good health and coloration.

Convict Cichlids are known for their aggressive and territorial behavior, particularly during breeding. They are best kept as pairs or with other robust Central American cichlids of similar size in large aquariums. In smaller tanks, a breeding pair may claim the entire space and attack any intruders.

Breeding Convict Cichlids is straightforward and one of the easiest among cichlids. They are substrate spawners, often laying eggs on flat rocks or inside caves. Both parents guard the eggs and fry aggressively, exhibiting devoted biparental care. Fry can be fed baby brine shrimp or finely crushed flakes once free-swimming.

Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Convict Cichlid) is a classic, durable cichlid species that combines vibrant coloration, fascinating behavior, and remarkable parental care, making it a long-standing favorite for Central American community and cichlid-focused aquariums.