Phoenix Licorice Gourami

Parosphromenus phoenicurus, commonly known as the red-tailed licorice gourami, is a small labyrinth fish native to Borneo, where it inhabits lowland peat swamp forests and blackwater streams. These habitats are slow-moving to nearly stagnant, heavily shaded by forest canopy, and rich in leaf litter, fallen branches, and submerged roots. The water is typically very soft, acidic, and deeply stained with tannins, creating dim, tea-colored conditions with extremely low mineral content.

Adult Parosphromenus phoenicurus usually reaches about 1.5 to 2 inches in length. The body is slender and laterally compressed, with a dark brown to black base coloration that serves as a dramatic backdrop for its vivid fin colors. Males are especially striking, displaying intense red to orange coloration in the caudal fin, often bordered by iridescent blue or turquoise edging, along with subtle metallic highlights on the dorsal and anal fins. Females are smaller and far more subdued, showing brownish tones with minimal coloration. Despite their small size, males exhibit bold display behavior and strong visual presence when settled and healthy.

A tank of at least 10 gallons is suitable for a single pair or small species-only setup. The aquarium should be designed specifically to replicate blackwater conditions, with heavy use of leaf litter, driftwood, and fine branches to create shelter and visual barriers. Lighting should be subdued, and floating plants or surface cover are strongly recommended. Water movement should be minimal, as this species comes from very calm environments. Parosphromenus phoenicurus is best kept in a species-focused aquarium and is not suitable for typical community tanks.

Water conditions are critical to long-term success. Parosphromenus phoenicurus requires very soft, acidic water, ideally with a pH below 6.0 and minimal hardness. Temperatures between 75 and 82°F are appropriate. Stability is essential, as this species is sensitive to fluctuations in water chemistry. The use of botanicals such as leaf litter and natural wood helps maintain appropriate conditions and provides comfort for the fish.

Feeding Parosphromenus phoenicurus requires attention to food size and quality. In nature they feed on tiny insects, microcrustaceans, and other small invertebrates. In the aquarium they strongly prefer live and frozen foods such as baby brine shrimp, daphnia, and small insect larvae. Many individuals are reluctant to accept dry foods, especially when newly introduced, and a varied, high-quality diet is key to maintaining coloration and breeding condition.

Temperament is peaceful but shy. Males can be territorial toward one another, especially in confined spaces, so they are best kept singly or as one male with one or more females in larger setups. They coexist poorly with active or competitive fish and should not be housed with species that will outcompete them for food or disturb their environment.

Breeding Parosphromenus phoenicurus is achievable for experienced aquarists and is one of the highlights of keeping the species. They are cave spawners, with eggs deposited in small cavities such as coconut shells or leaf litter pockets. The male guards the eggs and fry until they become free-swimming. Extremely soft, acidic water and a quiet, stable environment are essential for successful reproduction.

Parosphromenus phoenicurus is a delicate, highly specialized species prized for its intense coloration and unique blackwater adaptations. It is best suited for dedicated aquarists willing to provide precise water conditions and a calm, naturalistic environment, where its subtle beauty and fascinating behavior can be fully appreciated.