Red Turquios Discus-3"

Discus, scientifically classified within the genus Symphysodon, are iconic South American cichlids native to the Amazon River Basin. Their natural distribution spans Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and parts of Venezuela, where they inhabit slow-moving blackwater and whitewater tributaries, flooded forest margins, and calm backwaters of major river systems such as the Rio Negro, Solimões, and upper Amazon mainstem. These environments are warm, soft, and often tannin-stained, with minimal current, submerged wood, leaf litter, and dense marginal vegetation that provides shelter and visual barriers.

Adult Discus typically reach 6 to 8 inches in diameter and are instantly recognizable by their laterally compressed, disc-shaped bodies and graceful, unhurried swimming style. Wild forms display earthy base colors with vertical barring, while captive strains exhibit a wide range of colors and patterns developed through selective breeding. Discus are social fish that naturally form loose groups, and they exhibit more stable behavior, reduced stress, and better feeding response when kept in small schools rather than singly or in pairs.

A large, well-maintained aquarium is essential for keeping Discus successfully. A minimum tank size of 75 gallons is recommended for a small group, with larger volumes strongly preferred. The aquarium should prioritize horizontal space, excellent filtration, and calm water movement. Aquascaping is typically simple, using driftwood, smooth branches, and optional planting to avoid trapping debris and to maintain pristine water quality. Bare-bottom or lightly decorated tanks are often favored for ease of maintenance, especially in grow-out or breeding setups.

Water conditions are the most critical factor in Discus care. Ideal temperatures range from 82 to 86°F, with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0 and soft to very soft water. Stability is far more important than chasing exact numbers. Discus are sensitive to deteriorating water quality, elevated nitrate levels, and sudden parameter changes, so frequent water changes and consistent maintenance are essential for long-term health.

Feeding Discus requires attention and variety. In nature they feed on small invertebrates, insect larvae, and organic material found among submerged roots and leaf litter. In the aquarium they accept high-quality pellets, frozen foods such as bloodworms and brine shrimp, and carefully prepared diets. Regular feeding of appropriate portions supports growth, coloration, and immune health, but overfeeding must be avoided due to their sensitivity to water quality.

Temperament is peaceful and calm. Discus should be housed with gentle, non-aggressive tankmates that tolerate high temperatures and do not compete aggressively for food. Suitable companions include small tetras, pencilfish, Corydoras adapted to warm water, and other peaceful species. Boisterous, fast, or nippy fish are not appropriate, as they can stress Discus and interfere with feeding.

Breeding Discus is achievable in captivity but requires stable conditions and experienced care. Pairs form naturally within groups and spawn on vertical surfaces such as cones, wood, or aquarium glass. Both parents guard the eggs and fry, and newly free-swimming fry feed on a specialized mucus secreted from the parents’ skin, making parental presence essential during early development.

Discus are among the most elegant and rewarding freshwater fish available, thriving in large, carefully maintained aquariums with warm, soft water and attentive care. When provided with stability, proper group dynamics, and excellent water quality, they display calm behavior, strong coloration, and a commanding presence that has earned them their reputation as the centerpiece fish of the Amazon.