Sunset Apistogramma-MALE

The Sunset Apistogramma, scientifically known as Apistogramma atahualpa, is a striking dwarf cichlid native to blackwater tributaries of the upper Amazon in Peru, particularly the Nanay River system near Iquitos. It is well known in the aquarium trade under the name “Sunset” for the golden-orange coloration shown by males.

Adult Sunset Apistogrammas typically reach about 2.5 to 3 inches (6 to 7.5 cm) in length. Males are the more colorful sex, with bright yellow to orange bellies, darker vertical barring, and elongated dorsal and anal fin rays that intensify during courtship. Females are smaller and plainer, though they take on bold yellow tones when guarding eggs or fry. The species is stockier than many other Apistogramma and displays a regal presence in well-prepared tanks.

A tank of at least 20 gallons is recommended for a pair or small harem. The aquarium should include a fine sand substrate, driftwood, and numerous caves or overturned pots to serve as breeding sites. Leaf litter and floating plants help create shaded conditions similar to their natural habitat. Subdued lighting and stable water chemistry encourage natural behavior and coloration.

Water parameters should include a temperature range of 76 to 82°F (24 to 28°C), a pH between 5.5 and 7.0, and soft to moderately soft water. Clean, stable conditions are crucial, as this species comes from pristine blackwater environments.

Feeding Apistogramma atahualpa is simple. They are micropredators that thrive on high-quality cichlid pellets, supplemented with live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia. A varied diet enhances color and improves breeding success.

Sunset Apistogrammas are territorial when breeding, with males defending an area and females caring for eggs and fry in caves. They are best kept with peaceful tankmates such as small tetras, pencilfish, and Corydoras that do not compete for the lower part of the aquarium.

Breeding is possible in aquaria. Females lay eggs inside a cave or shell, and once fertilized, guard them until hatching. Males patrol the territory, but the female is the primary caregiver. Fry are free-swimming within a week and can be fed baby brine shrimp or microworms.

Apistogramma atahualpa (Sunset Apistogramma) is a colorful and rewarding species for aquarists who appreciate the unique behavior and beauty of South American dwarf cichlids.