Tropheus Duboisi-3-4'

The Tropheus duboisi is a striking and highly sought-after cichlid species native to the rocky shorelines of Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. It is famous for its dramatic color transformation as it matures, as well as its active, social nature.

Juvenile Tropheus duboisi are instantly recognizable, with a jet-black body covered in bright white or bluish spots, giving them a “polka-dot” appearance. As they mature, usually between 12 and 18 months, these spots fade and the fish develop a deep blue to almost black head with a vivid yellow vertical band across the midsection. Adults typically grow to about 4 to 5 inches (10 to 12 cm) in length, with a stocky build and slightly downturned mouth adapted for grazing algae from rocks.

A tank of at least 55 gallons is recommended for a group, but larger tanks are ideal, as Tropheus are highly social and do best in colonies of 12 or more individuals. They require an aquascape dominated by rock piles and caves with open swimming areas, mimicking their natural rocky shore habitat. Fine sand or smooth gravel is best for the substrate. Strong water movement and excellent filtration are essential, as this species is sensitive to deteriorating water quality.

Water parameters should include a temperature range of 74 to 80°F (23 to 27°C), a pH between 7.8 and 9.0, and very hard, alkaline water rich in minerals to match Lake Tanganyika’s chemistry. Stability is critical—rapid changes in water conditions can stress the fish and lead to health issues such as bloat.

Feeding Tropheus duboisi requires care, as they have a herbivorous diet in the wild, grazing on algae and microorganisms. In the aquarium, they should be fed high-quality spirulina-based flakes or pellets, along with fresh vegetables like blanched spinach, zucchini, or peas. Avoid high-protein or fatty foods, as these can cause digestive problems.

Tropheus duboisi are active and can be territorial, particularly when breeding. They should be kept with other robust Tanganyikan cichlids that can handle their energy and occasional aggression. Avoid mixing them with slow-moving or timid species.

Breeding Tropheus duboisi is possible in captivity. They are maternal mouthbrooders: the female carries the fertilized eggs and developing fry in her mouth for about 3 to 4 weeks, releasing fully formed fry that can immediately eat finely crushed spirulina flakes or baby brine shrimp.

Tropheus duboisi is a captivating, high-energy species that rewards dedicated aquarists with its unique appearance, fascinating social dynamics, and the challenge of maintaining optimal care for a Lake Tanganyika specialist.