Gold Convict Cichlid-1-1.5"

Gold Convict Cichlid, Amatitlania nanolutea, is a small Central American cichlid endemic to Costa Rica, where it is found primarily in the Río Peñas Blancas and Río San Carlos drainages associated with the greater San Juan River system. It inhabits shallow streams, river margins, and slow to moderately flowing waters with rocky substrates, submerged wood, and leaf litter. These environments are typically warm, well-oxygenated, and structurally complex, providing ample cover and defined territories.

Adult Amatitlania nanolutea typically reaches around 3 to 4 inches in length, making it smaller and more compact than the closely related Amatitlania nigrofasciata. The species is characterized by its bright yellow to golden body coloration, often accented with faint vertical barring and darker edging along the fins. Females commonly develop a pronounced orange to red belly patch when mature or breeding. The body is stocky and muscular, with a classic convict-type profile, giving the fish a bold, confident appearance despite its relatively modest size.

A tank of at least 30 gallons is recommended for a single fish or a bonded pair, with larger tanks preferred for additional tankmates. The aquarium should include abundant hardscape such as rocks, caves, and driftwood to establish territories and reduce aggression. Sand or fine gravel works well as a substrate. Plants may be uprooted and are best limited to hardy or well-anchored species. Moderate water movement and strong filtration are important, as this species is active and produces a moderate bioload.

Water conditions should reflect Central American river systems. Ideal temperatures range from 74 to 80°F, with a pH between 6.8 and 8.0 and moderate hardness. Amatitlania nanolutea is tolerant of a range of conditions but responds best to clean, stable water with good oxygenation. Regular water changes help maintain health, coloration, and breeding readiness.

Feeding Amatitlania nanolutea is straightforward. In nature it consumes insects, small invertebrates, algae, and organic material. In the aquarium it readily accepts high-quality pellets, flakes, frozen foods, and occasional vegetable matter such as spirulina-based foods. A balanced omnivorous diet supports strong coloration and consistent behavior.

Temperament is bold and territorial, especially during breeding. While generally less aggressive than larger Central American cichlids, Amatitlania nanolutea will actively defend its territory and should not be housed with very small, timid, or passive fish. Suitable tankmates are other robust species that can tolerate assertive behavior and similar water conditions.

Breeding Amatitlania nanolutea is relatively easy. Pairs form readily and spawn in caves or crevices, with both parents participating in guarding eggs and fry. They exhibit strong parental care and will aggressively defend offspring. Because of their readiness to breed, population control should be considered in mixed setups.

Amatitlania nanolutea, the Gold Convict Cichlid, is a compact, vividly colored Central American cichlid that offers classic convict behavior in a smaller, brighter package. Its bold personality, manageable size, and striking golden coloration make it an excellent choice for aquarists seeking an active, interactive cichlid with authentic regional character.